Cognitive approach over Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cognitive approach over Psychology - Essay Example Man's continuous urge to understand humanity had led the development of various fundamentals in psychology. With their apparently significant contributions, these recent approaches, particularly neuroscience had somehow managed to make its impact. However their imperfections and bit immaturity have made each emerging, as well as the established approach somehow insufficient. With this, it would be best to for these approaches to collaborate to come up with a complete understanding of the human psychology. In fact, upon an extensive and meticulous observation, one would find a clear point on each of these proven approaches that would link them to each other. This could serve as an explanation, if in the future disciplines such as neuropsychology would standout having been able to convince us with its view by means of intertwining two or more of these fundamentals. 3. ... ntiers, it would be substantial to say that behaviorism, psychoanalysis and cognitive psychology clearly depicts great consideration to individual differences while evolutionary psychology derives its explanations from general facts. It could ease the subject if universal explanation would serve as a constant and the individual difference as the variable. For example, humans in general have inherited mental capacities for acquiring speech, however, the individual upbringing and education dictates his/her way of speaking. In this example, with smooth and careful transition between evolutionary and cognitive approach, a considerably convincing thought had be derived. In the end, it would be best to take both universal explanations and individual difference into consideration; nevertheless, neither of the two would suffice. 5. From the point of view of your own intellectual development, what are the three most important things you have learned in this course Explain why they are important for you. With such enlightening course, one can derive tons of thoughts to ponder. First, we, humans are so gifted with the ability to think and rationalized that we are able to come up with explanations about almost everything. Unluckily this ability had somehow created addiction to wisdom and had lead to the materialization of several conflicting disciplines. Second is that each of these approach have manage to convince a multitude as well as give rise to their critics. Despite of their great significance, due to their inevitable flaws, no single approach can stand to serve as a perfect and adequate explanation like any other fundamentals inevitable flaws have their share of critics. Lastly, the noble gift of intellect must be utilized, at that; things should be viewed in a liberal

My Dream Essay Example for Free

My Dream Essay Hello everybody, im Doan Phuong Ly and i have been studied at Saigontech since 2012. My main major is Business Management. And i will have 2 more semesters to finish this program. I do really enjoy the business so that after graduating from this college , i hope that i can afford myself to attend the higher business program like MBA or rather , i will attend some Advanced Diploma certification which is necessary to my business in the future. As a person who are interested in business, i need to know the essential needs and basics of business so when i joined this course i feel it seems very useful and necessary to achieve my goals in my work life now and in the future. Eventhough, this course is short but it includes alot of content about the business such as the business environment, how to creating financing marketing and managing a business. In my life now, i have quite a lot of problems when i want to open my own business, such as opening my fashion shop, ive met quite a lots of trouble to identify and find out the best way to reach to my purpose. Fortunately, when participating in this course, there are too many things in books and also my instructor support a lots of business knowledge. It helps me to apply to my business work now, and if i can go further, i can understand the economic situation so that i may manage my business more effectively and i will achieve much success in my future.

Impact Of Mobile Phone On Work Life

Impact Of Mobile Phone On Work Life Impact of mobile phone on work-life balance of field workers Abstract This research report is an exploratory study of impact of mobile phone on work performance, productivity and personal life of field workers. Are field workers able to take the advantage of mobile phone and related new technologies to improve their work life balance or they finding it difficult to manage their work and personal life due to use of mobile phone? This research is an attempt to understand the impact of mobile phone and related new technologies on their work life balance. Introduction The success of western economies is much more depends upon the efficiency and output of the field workers (Drucker, 1999). According to him field workers are also called as knowledge workers. A knowledge worker mainly works away from the desk and works in technical services and spend more time with clients and dealers whereas field workers also works away from desk and deals with the customers service. Many organisations provide equipped handy mobile devices to field workers which allow them to access the various applications and chance to communicate with the office workers and clients during field work. Work life balance is defined as creating a productive and fruitful work environment where tension between work and personal life is minimised (State service commission NZ, 2005). It means perfect combination of participation in paid work and unpaid work (personal life, social responsibilities and family work). Work life balance is all about implementation of policies which will helpful for workers and staff to maintain their healthy and satisfying lifestyle which will leads to improve performance and productivity of the worker. The main purpose of this study is to understand the impact of mobile phone on work life balance of field workers. This study is design to provide detail analysis of use of mobile phone during work time and off time and its impact on work and personal life of workers. Applying work life balance in organisation is very important to develop the productivity of workers. It is broadly consider that mobile phone and internet are distorting margins among workplace and personal life. Some researchers believe that mobile phone is threat to the modern life, whereas other considers it as a new opportunity to maintain work life and family life (Wajcman et al., 2008). No other device has been spread drastically amongst the people than mobile phone but its social and personal impact is not clearly known. This research report is base for assessing impact of mobile phone on work life balance of field workers. Mobile phones and field workers In 1990s, first time GE and CompuCom organisations provided mobile phones and laptops to their field workers and sales representatives and made them mobile workforce (Pepe, 1999). The main motive of these organisations of ‘going mobile was to make their field workers more productive and improve their ability to use dead time while traveling. As a result, field workers can check voice mails and can give call back in their spare time like waiting at airport, train stations. In the past few years mobile technology changed very dramatically. According to Jarvenpaa and Langs (2008) mobile technology is combination of communication, hardware and software handheld IT devices which includes PDAs, mobile phones and other integrated wireless devices enterprises like Blackberry. Mobile phone allows field workers for more bendable plans and gives independence to work from anywhere and anytime. Demand of work life balance is very sizzling topic amongst the various organisations to improve the productivity of workers. In 1980s the importance and need of females and field workers is recognised by organisations like Deloitte Touche and Merck. IBM started to change the policies like maternity leaves, EAPs (Employee Assistance Programme), home based work and child care policies to improve work life balance of female workers and field workers (Pepe, 1999). The Economist Intelligence Unit conducted a survey in 2004 with more than 1500 field workers on mobile phone practices in field work (Belen, 2009). More than 75% field workers proposed that tools like email, text messages and voice calls help them to improve their productivity and availability on the job. They also described other benefits like faster decision making, real time information and flexibility. However flexibility on the field work means not an opportunity for the field workers to maintain their work life balance (Taylor 2003; Rood 2005). The Economic Intelligence Unit also found some disadvantages of the mobile phone practice amongst the field workers like trouble in managing their work home balance (Belen, 2009). According to Jarvenpaa and Langs (2008) mobile phone also brings some disadvantages to the life of field workers like â€Å"less personal time† and incapability to isolate themselves from the work during there off time. In other research by Schlosser (2002) where he interviewed with field workers and he found common disadvantage of being mobile leads to increase in expectation of availability. Increase in expectations indirectly increases workload and responsibility on the workers. They also feel compulsory to respond to the calls from their subordinates and managers (Davis, 2002). Due to more expectation of availability and quick response to work allied problems in weekends may indirectly affect the work life balance and may increase frustration amongst the workers (Jarvenpaa, Lang, et al 2003). Impact of mobile phone on work Lyytinen and Yoo (2002) published the research on work environment for organisations and individuals in which they proposed the impact of mobile phone and other wireless technology must have to be calculated by considering performance of team and output of the workers. There are many theories are available to measure the adoption of new technology and its impact on individuals. On the basis of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) theory Breu, Hemingway and Ashurst (2005) conducted a research and they proposed some important aspect of impact of mobile phones on field workers. Improved job performance: Most of the interviewees explained that use of mobile phone helped them for quick communication process and better decision making while working on field which helped them to boost their job performance. Improved productivity: According to the 45% field workers mobile phone with the multiple function and internet access improved their productivity. Instead of waiting for client or customer they can use their dead time for other task like checking and sending emails, new updates and cold calling. They also described the benefit of real time information due to use of mobile phone as they can attained meeting with the latest and updated data and information. Faster task accomplishment:Use of mobile phone and new technological devices enables field workers to complete their task faster and in effective way. Rather than going back to the office or desk to complete task field workers get independence of physical location to complete the work (Breu, Hemingway and Ashurst, 2005). Greater work control:As per the field workers who spend more time with customers and clients agreed that mobile phone with internet gave them greater work control. Improved consulting process: As per the Breu, Hemingway and Ashurst, (2005) interviewees gave the reason that why they can meet more customers face to face on work fields, because these devices like mobile phone with internet facility enable them more responsive to the customers queries and communications. Improved collaboration:field workers agreedthat mobile phone reduced their communication gap with other team mates and improved their collaboration on consulting team. Other field workers propose that collaboration improved due to easy way of transferring private electronic files and personal work related documents. Make job easier:Not every fieldworker agreed on this statement that use of mobile phone make their job easier. Some found it easier to complete work but difficult to maintain their personal and family life and some found it as easy to maintain personal life but tough in field work. Recently, AMTA (Australian Mobile Telecommunication Association) published a survey in 2008 which was conducted within 2189 individuals in Australia on impact of mobile phone work life balance of Australian workers (Wajcman et al., 2007). They found some interesting things about impact of mobile phone on Australian workers. The key points are as follows, 20% field worker said that its impossible for them to work without mobile phone. 75% field workers feels secure on field job with mobile phone. Two third of the male field worker switch off their mobile phone on weekdays to avoid being disturbed by office work. More than half interviewees agreed that use of mobile phone increased their productivity. Impact of mobile phone on field workers Personal and family life:According toBreu, Hemingway and Ashurst (2005) half of the field workers agreed that use of mobile phones helps them to maintain their personal and family life. Mobile phone allowed them to become in touch with family during field work and they can easily communicate with the family members in emergency and normal cases. In contrast some field workers described that use of mobile phone impact negatively on their work life balance. Some workers found very difficult to balance their family and personal life with work life due to availability of mobile phone. Mental stress:Due toincrease in expectation of availability and instant response to the work related issues during personal time increases the mental stress on field workers which finally result in work life imbalance. 34% field workers said that it is very difficult to isolate them with work on off days due to the mobile phone which sometime increases their mental stress (Breu, Hemingway and Ashurst, 2005). Frustration: According totheEconomic Intelligence Unit survey, receiving calls on weekend and off time make workers frustrate mainly in case of women field workers (Belen, 2009). The author also proposed that women field workers are very specific about their work time and family time. Commitment and loyalty: State service commission NZ (2005) published a report on work life balance where it states that organisation provides various facilities to their workers like mobile phone, internet facility, increment, holiday pays. This kind of rewards and facilities increases the feeling of commitment in workers and it forced workers to responds quickly and even on off time. According to report workers also feel more pressurised due to their commitment and loyalty to the organisation. AMTA (Australian Mobile Telecommunication Association) found some interesting things about impact of mobile phone on Australian workers (Wajcman et al., 2007). The key finding of survey is as follows, 40% workers admitted that mobile increase their work load and 55% respond with neutral effect. More than 50% field workers respond that mobile phone helps their work life balance and very few workers said that negative impact of mobile phone on work life balance. As per the survey 60% male field workers has separate mobile phone for work and private use. 58% female field workers said that work calls on weekdays and off time disturbed them and increase their mental stress. As per the figure 1 and 2, Wajcman et al. (2007) described that around 20% male field workers found job difficult without having mobile phone. 30% male field workers found job very easy without mobile phone and even this percentage increases in female field workers up to 50%. Very few field workers said that their work life balance decrease a lot due to mobile phone. In contrast more than 50% workers said that there is no change in their work life balance. Around 40% field workers agreed that use of mobile phone somewhat increases their work life balance. Mobile phone and work family issues 1) Security of the children Most of the workers care about their childrens while work especially in case of female field workers. According to State service commission NZ (2005) survey 72% workers purchased mobile phone for their children to monitor their action. Mobile phone makes field workers more relax about childrens security on field because they know they can contact their children anytime anywhere (Breu, Hemingway and Ashurst, 2005). 2) In consistently separated couple relationship Field workers who lived consistently away from wife or family regarding job, mobile phone plays pivotal role in maintaining their relationship. In many cases where field workers are physically apart from their partner but with the help of mobile phone they can stay closer. According to the AMTA (Australian Mobile Telecommunication Association) survey 80% female field workers agreed that mobile phone plays very important role in their relationship when they are apart from each other (Wajcman et al., 2007). 3) Family household coordination Lowry Moskos (2005) proposed that mobile phone and new technology can bring better coordination in work and family of the field workers. As per AMTA survey all workers gave some important points on question that, how mobile phone assist family and household coordination? In reply workers said, get-together of family members, picnic planning, sending good and gifts, general information like when they will reach at home are some important things they can manage through mobile phone when they are on work and they can manage their family household coordination (Wajcman et al., 2007). Tethering effect of mobile phone on work life balance 1) Negative effect National Institute of Labour Studies, Australia published a research on tethering effect of mobile phone on work life balance. In this study they interviewed various filed workers depending upon occupation like electrician, estate agents, trade persons and ITC workers (Lowry Moskos, 2005). In this research all field workers explained their personal experience stating that how mobile phone impact their work life balance. Most of the ITC workers and estate agents said that there personal time were occupied due to mobile phone. Estate agents shared their personal experience and said that mobile phone interrupted his home life. For example, their mobile phone rung at midnight or early in the morning regarding property queries. One estate agent admitted that his wife hates his mobile phone when it rings in the night. He also proposed that his small childrens also get disturbed due to mobile phone in the night (Lowry Moskos, 2005). More than six electricians said that they have work based mobile phones and they can be fined on ignoring the work related calls. These penalties may include lost wages, and warnings from managers (Lowry Moskos, 2005). According to National Institute of Labour Studies not only field workers suffered from work related calls in night but their partners also get disturbed. One electrician said that he gets two or three work related calls in the night and he is tolerated to these calls. But his partner felt hard to sleep again after getting disturbed and lack of sleep affecting his job performance (Lowry Moskos, 2005). For all of the surveyed occupational groups mobile phone brings some emotional problems into their personal life. However no one agreed that mobile phone reduces their job performance and productivity. 2) Positive effect National Institute of Labour Studies also found some positive effects of mobile phone according to field workers. Some ITC workers described that they were beneficiated by mobile phone (Lowry Moskos, 2005). Some positive effects described in survey are as follows, Field workers can contact with their family even if they are on work. Some electrician said they can hide behind mobile phone like they can pretend that they are busy in meeting or they are driving a car. According to estate agent they can contact with many clients on mobile phone when it is impossible to meet them personally. All interviewees agreed that they can easily contact with their subordinates and managers while field work.

Great Expectations: Lessons on Life and Love :: Great Expectations Essays

Great Expectations: Lessons on Life and Love Great Expectations is merely timeless. It is about all the things that life is about: how relatives can be loving, or abusive, how people can choose their own families; how a woman might be driven to destroy her child, or give her child away; how people may be corrupt, may be redeemed; how your upbringing defines your character, and how you may rise above or embrace that definition; and how, finally, love is a choice. Great Expectations, written by Charles Dickens, is a moral book, without any clear moral directives. Its language is beautiful, its plot compelling, its characters complex and complete. People, Dickens tells us, are not always what they seem. Not simply because they've disguised or hidden or renamed themselves, like Magwitch; not only because those who seem most beautiful may be, in fact, most terrible, like Estella. People are not always what they seem because people are never only one thing. The wretched Mrs. Joe becomes nearly lovable after her injury; Mrs. Havisham melts (before she burns); Magwitch in trouble terrorizes Pip, but in prosperity is his benefactor; Wemmick's character is dependent on his location; there is a hint that even Estella, at last, is not as brightly cold as her name and nature suggests; and, of course, Pip is at first good, and then snobbish and profligate, and then, finally, good. Money changes everything except human nature. Human beings chan ge: not for the better, and not for the worse, and not permanently. People change, then change back. Their changes do not necessarily make them happy. That is the human condition. "That was a memorable day for me," says Pip, after first visiting Satis House, "for it made great changes in me. But it is the same with any life. Imagine one selected day struck out of it, and think how different its course would have been. Pause, you who read this, and think for a moment of the long chain of iron or gold, of thorns or flowers, that would never have bound you, but for the formation of the first link on one memorable day." "Great Expectations" is no less instructive for not being morally definite. That first link will change you, as the circumstances of your childhood will. It is your own duty (I believe Dickens says) to change yourself inwardly as you are changed outwardly.

Consider and explore how far Susan Hill encourages us to feel Sympathy for The Woman In Black

This chilling ghost story, written by one of Britain’s outstanding writers, Susan Hill, was first published in 1989. It took just 6 weeks over the summer for Hill to produce this masterpiece. The Woman in Black maintains the reader’s attention the whole way through the book, keeping them hooked onto every word. Hill has written it in a very clever way, making the reader feel the greatest sympathy for The Woman in certain parts of the novel, but in other parts she makes the reader feel the complete contrast. Hill demonstrates this at the start of the book, when we feel sympathy for The Woman when Arthur sees her at her sister’s funeral.We feel sympathy ‘that a women who was perhaps only a short time from her own death, should drag herself to the funeral of another’. This makes the reader feel sad for The Woman. Another reason the reader does not dislike The Woman is that even though she obviously feels hurt by her sister; she still makes the effort to go to her funeral. The reader also feels great sympathy at Mrs. Drablow’s funeral when Arthur realises that The Woman is suffering from ‘some terrible wasting disease’. ‘Only the thinnest layer of flesh was tautly stretched and strained over [The Woman’s’] bones’.We also feel sympathy that she is ‘quite possibly no more than thirty’, as a woman of her age would tend to care more about her beauty. The disease is also incurable which makes us again feel sympathy. The fact that her child was born illegitimately, meant that she had to give him up when he was very young, also makes the reader feel compassion for The Woman. Jennet was not even allowed to visit her beloved son and was forced to live ‘hundreds of miles away’. This obviously deeply upset her as ‘she threatened violently’ when she was told she could not see Nathanial.We also feel that it must have pained her that it was her own sister that was keeping her away from her son. When she was finally allowed to visit her son she could ‘never see the boy alone nor ever disclose she had any relationship with him’. It must have been terrible for The Woman to not be able to tell her son that she was his mother. Another thing which would have saddened her was to see her son acting towards another woman like she was his mother but to her like a stranger. Hill makes us feel sympathy for The Woman when she had to witness the brutal drowning  of her child, knowing she could do nothing to save her son. This must have been a truly terrible experience and the reader feels extreme empathy for her.The noise of her son breathing his last breaths, his ‘cry’, ‘shout’ and then his ‘terrified sobbing’, must have haunted her for the rest of her life. This would have been worsened by the fact that she knew she could have saved her son if she had not let her sister take him out that day. Hill makes the reader feel compassion for Jennet that for most of her life she was mentally tormented by ‘desire for revenge’.The Woman is described as a ‘crazed, troubled women, dead of grief and distress, filled with hatred’. This shows that Hill is again making the reader feel sympathetic towards Jennet, who had obviously loved her child so much that she was driven crazy by revenge to get back at Alice, who she believed, cruelly snatched her child out of her arms. We feel that The Woman was not responsible for some of her actions as her mind was clearly clouded. The writer then uses Jennet’s disease to make us feel understanding for her. Because of her disease ‘she looked like a walking skeleton-a living spectre.When she went about the streets, people drew back. ’ This would be terrible for The Woman, that her appearance was enough to make people not want to even look at her, let alone talk to her, further heightening her feeling of being alone. The fact that ‘children were terrified of her’ would have been deeply saddening for a grieving mother. Susan Hill encourages the reader to feel sadness for The Woman when we learn about the circumstances of her death. She makes us pity The Woman because ‘she died in hatred and misery’ and she also died alone and isolated. Not one person loved, cared or even liked her.Hill makes us sympathise with her as no one would like to die knowing that no one cherished them, and that no one would miss them. Even Arthur, who was severely affected by The Woman, sympathises with her. Near the end of the novel he refers to the reasons she went mad and says, ‘Was there any wonder? ’. This shows that even though Arthur bitterly disliked The Woman, he can understand that with the terrible, tragic events that happened in Jennet’s life, it was no wonder she went mad. However even though Hill makes us sympathise and pity The Woman, in many parts in th e novel, she also makes us feel hatred and loathing towards her.This is demonstrated when we learn that she has probably been haunting her sister for many years, up until her death. This would have been terrible for ‘old Mrs. Drablow’, as she was all on her own in a big, old, isolated house. It must have also been terrible for her to know that it was her own sister who was haunting her, someone who should have loved and cared for her. Hill also makes us feel dislike for The Woman when the reader discovers that Jennet ‘blamed her sister’ for Nathan’s death, when in fact it was ‘no one’s fault’.Alice was kind enough to care for her child, yet Jennet gives her no thanks for that, only blamed her when something beyond her control goes wrong. Hill also makes us have no sympathy when she tries to take the life of yet another innocent being. This is when Arthur is at Eel Marsh House with Spider. The Woman whistles Spider to come, playing on his weakness. The vulnerable dog follows the sound, which almost leads to his and Arthur’s death. ill HHill makes us despise The Woman for this, because if Arthur had not been there to rescue Spider, Jennet would have succeeded in taking the life of another innocent being.This also shows that The Woman is more than just a mental threat to Arthur and the other people she torments; she is also a physical threat. The way that The Woman gets her revenge is the thing that earns her the most hatred. How she takes innocent, blameless lives of children, the sole reason being that her child died, something which the children lives she takes have nothing to do with. The children do not die peacefully either; they die in ‘some violent or dreadful circumstance’. The fact that The Woman does all of this just so she can get her revenge, again, makes the reader feel no sympathy for what had happened to her child.The Woman doesn’t just torment children; she also cause s great distress to Mr. Jerome, a young man who was in no way to blame. Hill makes us feel hatred towards The Woman because of how severely she has evidently affected him. We can tell this because when The Woman is mentioned, Jerome goes into ‘a state of near-collapse’. Arthur also notices ‘how seriously he was affected’, when he tries to have a conversation with him about The Woman and his skin turned ‘a sickly greyish’ colour.Hill does not encourage us to feel sympathy for The Woman as the novel is written from Arthur’s point of view and The Woman is horrible to Arthur. It appears that almost as soon as The Woman sets eyes on Arthur she feels hatred towards him. This is first demonstrated when Arthur encounters The Woman at Eel March House. The expression on her face was one of ‘purest hatred and loathing’. This again wills us to dislike The Woman, why would she detest someone so much, when he has done nothing wrong to her ? Another way that Hill gets us to feel absolutely no sympathy for The Woman is when she comes after Arthur and his family.The fact that Arthur is trying to get over her and start a new chapter in his life, and then The Woman appears and ruins it for him. She kills his innocent child, but still this is not enough. The Woman then goes on to give Stella, Arthur’s wife, ‘terrible injures’. This eventually ends in Stella’s death; however she does not have an instant death where she feels no suffering, but a painful, prolonged, miserable death. The Woman then forces Arthur ‘to live through it all’, makes him watch Stella gradually fade away, all-the-while he is grieving over the recent loss of his child.The final way that Hill encourages us to feel no sympathy for The Woman is when she reveals what The Woman has done to the nursery. Whereas before The Woman set foot in it it was orderly and peaceful, after she did it was ‘in a state of disarr ay’. Hill uses this to symbolise that before The Woman appears in people’s lives, they are much like how the nursery originally was, orderly and peaceful. However when she intrudes in them, they quickly turn into ‘a state of disarray’. Some of the toys are also broken; this represents how some people cannot recover their lives.Hill uses the nursery to makes us feel no sympathy towards The Woman because of the way she can destroy others’ lives. In conclusion I think that Susan Hill has been very clever in the way she wrote this book, encouraging us to feel sympathy for The Woman In Black in some parts or the book, and encoraging us to feel hatred and disgust with The Woman in other parts. I think that The Woman’s past explains her actions however it does not justify the terible things she did to all of those innocent, blameless people. By Ellie Vaughan

The Impact of Inflation on Capital Budgeting and Working Capital

A major impact on both financial theory and the practice of financial decision making has been the economic instability, especially in prices, evidenced in the U. S. economy since the mid 1960’s. Inflation in the past few years has not been a major macro economic problem, but its spectere, as demonstrated by the Fed’s recent increases in interest rates, is never for the agendas of financial decision makers. Macro economic instability has necessitated that expectations about the future rate of inflation be taken into consideration in making decision(s) about which capital projects will be undertaken by a firm. Nominal cash flows determine its degree of profitability. However, in making the capital budgeting decision both real and nominal concepts must be considered. The purpose of this paper is to continue the discussion of the role of inflation in capital budgeting, and to focus on the individual components of the process to draw specific conclusions with respect to the interaction between the cost of capital, inflation, and the cash flow variables within a DCF – IRR framework. Much research has been published examining the impact of inflation on the capital budgeting decision making process, and, although inflation is not currently a serious problem, bitter lessons from the 1975-1985 period of rapid price increases, coupled with the potential of future inflation, argue for continued research in this field. In a famous article, Rappaport and Taggart [14] examined various methods for incorporating the effect of inflation into capital budgeting. They provided an analysis which showed the differential impact of using a gross profit per unit approach, a nominal cash flow approach (where individual forecasts are incorporated into each component of cash flow) and a real cash flow approach in which a general price deflator is used to deflate nominal cash flows. In another early article dealing with the subject, Van Horne [16] showed that to be consistent, inflation in forecasting cash flows must also be reflected in a discount rate containing inflation; that is, a bias was introduced if nominal cash flows were discounted at the real and not nominal cost of capital. Cooley, Roenfeldt and Chew revealed the mechanics by which inflation adjustments can be incorporated into the capital budgeting process [6]. At the same time, Nelson [12] demonstrated the theoretical impact of inflation on capital budgeting and showed how inflation would shift the entire NPV schedule of a capital budget downward for a set or projects. Bailey and Jensen [1] have analyzed how price level adjustments affect the process in detail and specifically how various price level adjustments might change the ranking of projects. Rappaport and Taggart attempt to combine the simplicity of a gross profit per unit methodology of adjusting for inflation with the more realistic nominal case flow and real cash flow approaches. A gross profit per unit focus on Revenues – Cost of Sales divided by units, and can treat inflation by simply inflating this gross profit per unit as opposed to measuring inflation for both revenues and cost of sales. This is done by making the simplifying assumption that gross margin as a percent of sales is constant over time, [14, p. 2] which they point out is the same as assuming that EBIT is a constant percentage of sales over time, or that revenues and costs increase at the same rate. In this paper we examine a number of issues raised by Rappaport and Taggart in the area of inflation and capital spending. Specifically, we will analyze the following areas: 1. What is the relationship between the cost of capital and inflation? 2. What is the relationship between inflation in the ag gregate and the price a firm places on its specific product that results from a capital budgeting decision? Assuming costs rise at the aggregate or average rate of inflation, what can we say about expectations of the price of output of the firm? 3. What role do depreciable and non-depreciable assets play in the interaction of the variables? How does the presence of plant and equipment as a depreciable asset and the presence of net working capital as a nondepreciable asset impact on the role of inflation in the capital budgeting process?

The Euro Zones Rising Inflation and Unemployment Rate

The Euro Zones Rising Inflation and Unemployment Rate The euro zone had been a region of envy in economic regards to many regions since its formation. However, the euro zone found itself in a predicament from late 2009 after the economic downturns that faced some countries in the euro zone.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Euro Zone’s Rising Inflation and Unemployment Rate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many euro zone countries piled up their debts to the extent that they were unable to service them. This was worsened by the fact that despite countries in the euro zone use of one currency they have different tax structures as well as regulations. As a result, leaders of various countries found it difficult to interfere with affairs of other countries even when it was iminent that they could affect their performance. Consequently, countries in the euro zone were plunged into deep economic problems that seem to be worsening. To begin with, the unemploymen t rate has been increasing since the crisis begun due to worsening economic conditions. However, the rate reached a record high of 10.7 percent in January since the formation of the euro zone in 1999. There are approximately 24.3 million people out of jobs in the entire euro zone. The number might be more given the fact that some people are unrecorded. According to Keynesian economics, inflation rate and unemployment are inversely related in the sense that when one rises the other should decline. However, this has not worked in the euro zone. Despite the increasing rate of unemployment, inflation rate has also been increasing. The average rate of inflation in January was 2.7 percent. Though this has been attributed to the increasing world energy prices, the economic crisis has a role to play. It should also be noted that though the European central bank has been keen on maintaining the inflation rate below 2 percent, it has not succeeded. Increase in the money supply is known to end in high inflation rates though it is crucial in jump starting a stagnating economy. The debt crisis of the euro zone can be alleviated by increasing the accessibility of money which is what the European central bank wants to achieve through its low interest loans.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the same note, various major banks are also printing money thus increasing the money supply. This, however, has increased the expectations that inflation rate will increase in future thus increasing the tendencies that inflation will raise in the near future. This can also have dire effects on interest rates as well as the exchange rates. Nevertheless, it is sad to note that expansionary monetary policy seems to be the only feasible solution. It is important to note that though collectively the euro zone countries have experienced increasing deteriorating economic conditions, some countries are worse than others. Spain for example performed poorly with unemployment rate hitting 23.3 percent in November compared to Germany where the unemployment rate was 6.8 percent in February. Greece is also among the countries that have suffered serious effects as far as the euro zone crisis is concerned. However, analysts have envisioned good times ahead though they are cautioning that it is not yet celebration time. Reports have showed that the manufacturing sector has recorded slight positive statistics. However, specialists say that the change is too small and the industry is still below par. On the same note, the euro crisis is not likely to end any time soon given the extent of its effect on some countries for example Greece. It will be however be improper to say that the economic region will collapse since it is slowly picking up.

Tracking a Quotation

Tracking a Quotation Tracking a Quotation Tracking a Quotation By Maeve Maddox When a reader asked about the use of brackets in a recent email, I started to refer him to my post When and How to Use Brackets and leave it at that. Curiosity overcame me, however, and I tried to track down the complete original. Heres the quotation that prompted the readers question: [Well] probably never quite know who was the greatest of all time in tennis, Federer told reporters. ABC News (Australia) Heres the readers question: Is it the case that the journalist is inputting the word Well in order to make the quote from Federer more understandable as he left the word out in his verbal quote or rather that the word well is referring to an unknown group of people and the reader is to assume who the people are? What appears to be the original quotation appears at Yahoo Sports. The story is credited to AP tennis writer Howard Fendrich: Ask Federer to rank who the best players in history are and he won’t take the bait, saying something like what he said in Australia this week: â€Å"Probably never quite know who was the greatest of all-time in tennis, and I think that’s quite intriguing as well.† Writer Fendrich avoids the problem of correcting the conversational original by placing it after a colon. The reader can assume that all the words within the quotation marks are exactly what Federer said. In the ABC story, a writer or an editor preferred to use the he said construction so the bracketed [Well] was inserted. Thats ok. The brackets announce that the contraction did not appear in Federers original comment. However, if one reader found this Well confusing, chances are that others did too. A third site using the Federer quotation uses the Well and drops the brackets: Well probably never quite know who was the greatest of all time in tennis, and I think thats quite intriguing as well, he said. TVNZ Different genres have different requirements. The writer of narrative non-fiction has the leeway to improve quotations. The writer of straight news has an obligation to quote exactly. The transformation of the Federer quotation is interesting, not because it resulted in any major misrepresentation of what he said, but because it shows how quotations can mutate in the media. Direct quotations enliven writing, but sometimes an indirect quotation that embeds a few words of the original may be a more accurate, less confusing way to go. For example: Federer declined to rank the greatest all-time tennis players. He said that because of generational differences, we can never quite know who was the greatest. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"What is Dative Case?Uses of the Past Participle

International Financial Reporting Standards Essay

International Financial Reporting Standards - Essay Example It includes the diversification from GAAP to IFRS which have to be adopted by the US in order to compliance with the Security and Exchange Commission, also provides knowledge why and how conversion enhances the reporting quality. The framework for the preparation and presentation of the financial statements adopted by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) is known as International Financial Reporting Standard, IFRS provides a procedure norms, rules and regulation that how to prepare and present the financial statements, what data must be included and what should be omitted. Most of the standards which come under the umbrella of IFRS are previously known as the International Accounting Standard (IAS). IAS was issued between 1973 and 2001 by the International Accounting Standard Committee. While General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is also a standard framework of financial reporting, it includes the standard, convention, rules and regulation an accountant must follow in recording and summarizing transactions and in the making of financial statements. IFRS and GAAP have some similarities and differences which we will discuss later. IAS 2 elaborates the accounting treatment for inventories. The issue which arises often in this standard is when we intend to recognize the cost as an asset and carried forward it until related revenues are recognize. The cost formula assign for the cost of inventory is also prescribed in IAS-2. Basically there are two main methods of inventory valuation. i) First In First out (FIFO) which means the organization has to utilize its stocks which they have first in line. ii) Last In First out (LIFO) which means organizations have to use the last purchase stock first. Generally FIFO is for low Cost of Good Sold (COGS), high ending inventory so ultimately the bottom line will show a high net profit, while as far as LIFO is concerned, is for high COGS , low ending inventory and low net profit. Darrell Mullis and Judith Orloff elaborates practical examples of FIFO and LIFO in their book namely "The Accounting Game" which shows how FIFO leaves a positive impact over the net income and LIFO condensed the net profit or the profit after tax (PAT), Usually Companies uses LIFO method in order to save the Taxes. Differences are there between IFRS and GAAP, like adoption of LIFO method in IFRS is prohibited while under U.S GAAP, companies have the choice between LIFO and FIFO method. Some sort of similarities are also there between IFR

Sufism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Sufism - Essay Example Sufism shows the influence of other major religions such as Christianity, Buddhism and Hinduism (Isfahan Web site). While the underlying precept of Sufism is renunciation of the worldly life and a repudiation of conflict and strife, history shows that Sufism often transcended its’ spiritual mandate to function as a political or even a military power. The emphasis of Sufism is on Unity with God: Tawhid, through an allegorical interpretation of the Qur’an. The orthodox conformity to the religious laws of the Shari’ah is but an external guide to repudiate the worldly life. The crucial step is the achievement of an inner, personal experience of the Divine, in which the self becomes one with God. This can be achieved by tariqa, or mediation, and dhikr, or remembrance of God. Sufism encourages self-denial and ascetism and centers round the love of God: mahabbah, through the subjugation of the ego, or nafs (Univ. of Calgary Web site). Sufism includes many orders or mystical brotherhoods: Tariqas, organized on a structure developed by Al-Ghazali (1058-1111), who is credited with bringing Sufism firmly within the ambit of orthodox Islam theology, making it a more popular, inclusive movement. Each order is headed by a spiritual leader, or Shaykh, and follows a distinctive path. The disciples, faqirs or mudirs, live communally. Their mystical practices include chanting of divine phrases, breath control, communal chanting and ecstatic dancing (the Whirling Dervishes of Turkey). The main Sufi brotherhoods are the Qadiriya, Chistiya, Shadhilya, Naqshbandiya, Ni’matallahiya and Meleviye, although many others, each with its’ own emphasis regarding practice and observances, are found in various parts of the world (Godlas, Sufism). In what may be viewed as a contradiction in terms, Sufism has been associated with movements of political and historical significance over the ages. The Safavid Empire in Persia, one

Final review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final review - Assignment Example In a situation whereby a third quality land is cultivated, the rent commences on the second land quality with an immediate effect. However, the rent can be regulated by the difference in their productive powers as the rent of the first quality land increases since it must always be slightly above the second class. Naturally, the aspect of rising rents would directly take more of the national income (page 91) The paper also reflects on the T. Malthus` objections to Ricardo`s attack on the Corn Laws 1895 and how he responded to these objections in his principle of political economy and taxation. In addition to that, it also discusses how his response strengthened his conclusions about the Corn Laws in 1985. Malthus was a personal friend to Ricardo as well as his opponent on the matters to do with rent whereby Ricardo went on to write a letter to Malthus suggesting that every person to retain his own opinion without terminating the friendship (page 92). According to Ricardo, he referred to the economic rent as a surplus of the personal paper profit over the social gain whereby its value is in control over the resources instead of being directly to the resources. Moreover, there is no representation of gain but a transfer of wealth that was unearned. On the other hand, Malthus objected this opinion by stating that a material gain is stated when the rent is re-invested though the gain is in excess of the social unity. According to John Stuart Mill, the nature of the laws that regulates how we produce products is different from the laws that regulate how we distribute the fruits of that production. Therefore, details on specific examples from the 19th century English labor movement of how the laws of distribution were undergoing change, is also provided in this paper. The existing differences between the laws of regulation in production and distribution come in to nature because both of them undergoes through different processes. However, countries that export produc ts on a large quantity ought to trade perfectly well on a special way, without restrictions for them to gain great advantages. In the context of the quote from Marx`s capital, an explanation of how labor is so important to Marx`s understanding of human self-realization has also been reflected upon. Moreover, a discussion of the role of history among the German philosophical ideas in shaping the Marks idea of human-self realization through labor has also been reflected upon in the discussion. According to Mark, alienation reaches at the peak when labor changes to become wage labor. Out of labor, capitalists are able to higher workers so as to convert the capital goods to final goods. Labor enables the workers to obtain wages that re later used to sustain their families. The more the workers are specialized in their specific areas of labor provision the more alienated they become in reference to the production of products. The employees tend to become more dependent on the production of products as well as the employee when they have set their goals. However the presence of Marx`s differences between the value of labor power also emerged. A provision of detailed explanation on the origin of profits according to Marx is also in this paper. The explanation begins with a discussion of how value is transformed in the production process including the relationship that has been discussed by Marx in the quote. Moreover, it is explained in to details as to why the

Controvirsal of Cancun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Controvirsal of Cancun - Essay Example Cancun is however popular around the world and Mexicans take pride of the beautiful sand beaches and resorts found in the area. The beauty and fun experienced in the place has as a result attracted significant numbers of high school graduates from the U.S to make trips to Cancun after graduating more of a sign of a gift from their parents. It is however important to note that some of the students may source for their own funds and pay for the trips on their behalf. The issue has led to controversy over a period of years mostly relating to legalization of alcohol sales to people aged below twenty years. It is however important to note that since Cancun is outside the U.S, the federal states laws relating to sale of alcohol or any other issue are not observed in Cancun. The media is creating controversy about Cancun arguing that parents need to avoid giving high school graduate students free tickets to visit Cancun as alcohol is legally available for people below the age of twenty year s. It is noble for parents to present gifts as recognition of their efforts and achievements upon graduating from high school or any other level. The form of gift given to a majority of high school graduates in the U.S occurs in the form of free tickets for a one week visit to Cancun where students visit with their peers and enjoy the fun experienced in the result. Every year, controversy arises regarding these high school graduate students trips relating to what happens over at Cancun (Nim 213). Despite the feeling from many parents that a trip to Cancun is a good gift to their children upon graduating from high school, there is need to focus on some issues. Although the idea and action is good, observers believe that it is for no healthy reason that the free trip should include fellow graduates as well as friends for a whole week to enjoy and have pure fun and pleasure. The reason behind the

Developments in the media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Developments in the media - Essay Example The nature of the electronic medium and the ease and facility of access, distribution, and duplication afforded by the Internet has made it very difficult for Governments to devise effective systems to regulate content on the Internet and prevent the exploitation of impressionable youngsters. While several measures have been taken to tackle the problem, the difficulties in pinpointing jurisdiction and the absence of effective filtering methods are significant drawbacks in bringing about effective regulation to protect children from pedophiles and distributors of obscene material. Internet and regulation: One of the major issues that need to be considered is the enormous capacity for copying and reproduction that is afforded by the digital environment.3 In a digital environment, with free availability of information and the facility for easy duplication of material coupled with the difficulties in restricting access, potent dangers are posed to children who may be exposed to offensive , the pornographic material on the Net. For example, Lewis has discussed the scope of the reforms to the Sexual Offenders Act of 1997 by way of the Sexual Offences Act of 2003, as a result of which a wider range of offensive activities against children has been brought under the purview of protection offered for children who are vulnerable to sexual abuse4. This Act also creates a new offense of â€Å"grooming† whereby a person attempting to lure a child into a sexual activity will be guilty even if the actual offense has not occurred.

Discussion on Peet's coffee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion on Peet's coffee - Essay Example this matter, proper interest of customers is needed because company can attain its marketing goals with the support of professional persons and effective promotional plans. Cause of trends is different for various conditions because people are living with unpredicted financial and social conditions. Same condition is linked with Peet`s Coffee and Tea product as customers can attain this product after attainment of sensational status in the society. In case of trouble, people are unable to buy this product and this scenario is realizable for all humans without any complexity. So, companies should be careful in this matter and they should use proper marketing sources to gain attraction of people as customer to enhance the financial status. There are two common challenges which are faced in market by those firms which are offering already existing products. First challenge is linked with quality matter as it is basic element to enhance the financial power of any firm in the market. Accordingly, second challenge is linked with price adjustment that should be performed with observance of market and other relevant firms. This scenario is helpful to make Peet`s Coffee and Tea products successful in the market. Cash and capital resources should be used for promotion of firm and this technique is the cause of making financial tasks achievable and winning without any reservation. With these resources, companies can enhance attraction level of consumers and this scenario is supportive to achieve success in financial backgrounds without any intricacy in the communal way of life. Concern of latest technologies is sensitive in the present age because this is related with production of favorable results in the social and commercial surroundings. This is fact that Peet`s Coffee and Tea product can be made fame in the market by the use of efficient technological innovations that are reachable for all humans without any complexity. This scenario is realizable with the instance

Controvirsal of Cancun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Controvirsal of Cancun - Essay Example Cancun is however popular around the world and Mexicans take pride of the beautiful sand beaches and resorts found in the area. The beauty and fun experienced in the place has as a result attracted significant numbers of high school graduates from the U.S to make trips to Cancun after graduating more of a sign of a gift from their parents. It is however important to note that some of the students may source for their own funds and pay for the trips on their behalf. The issue has led to controversy over a period of years mostly relating to legalization of alcohol sales to people aged below twenty years. It is however important to note that since Cancun is outside the U.S, the federal states laws relating to sale of alcohol or any other issue are not observed in Cancun. The media is creating controversy about Cancun arguing that parents need to avoid giving high school graduate students free tickets to visit Cancun as alcohol is legally available for people below the age of twenty year s. It is noble for parents to present gifts as recognition of their efforts and achievements upon graduating from high school or any other level. The form of gift given to a majority of high school graduates in the U.S occurs in the form of free tickets for a one week visit to Cancun where students visit with their peers and enjoy the fun experienced in the result. Every year, controversy arises regarding these high school graduate students trips relating to what happens over at Cancun (Nim 213). Despite the feeling from many parents that a trip to Cancun is a good gift to their children upon graduating from high school, there is need to focus on some issues. Although the idea and action is good, observers believe that it is for no healthy reason that the free trip should include fellow graduates as well as friends for a whole week to enjoy and have pure fun and pleasure. The reason behind the

Discussion on Peet's coffee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion on Peet's coffee - Essay Example this matter, proper interest of customers is needed because company can attain its marketing goals with the support of professional persons and effective promotional plans. Cause of trends is different for various conditions because people are living with unpredicted financial and social conditions. Same condition is linked with Peet`s Coffee and Tea product as customers can attain this product after attainment of sensational status in the society. In case of trouble, people are unable to buy this product and this scenario is realizable for all humans without any complexity. So, companies should be careful in this matter and they should use proper marketing sources to gain attraction of people as customer to enhance the financial status. There are two common challenges which are faced in market by those firms which are offering already existing products. First challenge is linked with quality matter as it is basic element to enhance the financial power of any firm in the market. Accordingly, second challenge is linked with price adjustment that should be performed with observance of market and other relevant firms. This scenario is helpful to make Peet`s Coffee and Tea products successful in the market. Cash and capital resources should be used for promotion of firm and this technique is the cause of making financial tasks achievable and winning without any reservation. With these resources, companies can enhance attraction level of consumers and this scenario is supportive to achieve success in financial backgrounds without any intricacy in the communal way of life. Concern of latest technologies is sensitive in the present age because this is related with production of favorable results in the social and commercial surroundings. This is fact that Peet`s Coffee and Tea product can be made fame in the market by the use of efficient technological innovations that are reachable for all humans without any complexity. This scenario is realizable with the instance

Reticular Activating System Essay Example for Free

Reticular Activating System Essay He believed that Dreams are the guardians of sleep. He also believed that they provided an insight into the motives of a persons behaviour. He described it as the royal road to the unconscious. He believed that no matter how absurd a dream was it always possessed meaning and logic. He warned that dreams had to be analysed in the context of a person s waking life. According to Freud the mind had 3 components. Id: This is concerned with basic instinctive urges such as the need for food, comfort and sexual gratification. It works at an unconscious level. It is not driven by logic and is the pre-socialized part of the personality. He felt that we are driven by unconscious urges, and that through dreams the unconscious desires are expressed, Thus relieving psychic tensions. The Id works on the Pleasure principle Superego: Its components are the conscience. This threatens the Ego with punishment, in the form of guilt, for bad behaviour. The other component is the ego-ideal which promises rewards, in the form of pride and high self esteem, for good behaviour. This is developed throughout childhood. This part represents the moral part of the personality and wishes to do the decent/right thing. This is a part of the id that has been modified by influences of the external world. This is the decision maker, working on a rational and logical basis. The demands of immediate gratification by the Id will be postponed by the Ego until the appropriate time and place. It is not imposing constraints on moral grounds; its priority is the CONSEQUENSES of behaviour This works on the reality principle. Freud believed that behaviour is an interaction of these 3 systems. With the Id being repressed by the Ego and Superego, causing anxiety during waking hours. During dreams the Superego is partially asleep And the Id can get through. The Superego Disguises the Id thoughts, (to stop nightmares. ) Dreaming, he saw as protecting sleep, by Providing an outlet for disturbing and repressed Thoughts, in a modified form, without them coming Into consciousness. The contents of dreams were referred to as: Latent This is the real meaning of a dream. These would be conflicts or dis. Thought. Manifest This is what you actually dream. He Argues that this is a censored and symbolic. Although Jung had been a close colleague of Freud, helping him form the psychoanalytic movement, in 1913 he broke ranks. He did not agree that all dreams are wish-fulfilments. He believed that they were a way of acquiring self-knowledge and to restore our psychological balance. He stated that they were just as likely to point to the future, (by suggesting solutions), as to the past. He did agree that dreams can reveal parts of the self that are usually concealed during waking hours. He believed that the Id expresses desires through daydreams. He preferred to take a dreams at face value and also to study dream series rather as opposed to an individual dream. WEBB CARTWRIGHT p Problem-solving theory of dreaming They believe that dreams are a way of identifying and working through problems of the waking life. They do not believe that the true meanings of dreams are disguised and therefore do not distinguish between the latent and manifest content. However the use of metaphor is included in their theory. 4 Problem Solving theory cont. A number of studies support this theory. (cartwright,1978), presented people with common problems. Those who were allowed to sleep uninterrupted later made far more realistic suggestions towards a solution than those who had been deprived of REM sleep. Hartman 1973, showed that people suffering from occupational or relationship problems enter REM sleep earlier and spend longer in it than less troubled subjects. EVANS p Reprogramming theory of dreaming According To Evans during REM sleep the brain shuts off from the external world, isolating itself from sensory input. This time is spent sorting through new data and updating existing memory systems. A number of studies have shown that REM sleep increases following mental activities of a complex nature. Herman Roffwarg 1983, also supported Evan s theory. In their study participants wore distorting lenses during their waking day. These made everything appear upside down. This took a great deal of mental effort to adjust to. 5 Sup. for Evan s theory cont. Herman Roffwang 1983 cont Subsequent monitoring revealed an increase in periods of REM sleep. Evan s theory has also been supported by the findings of older people spending shorter periods dreaming. Neurobiological Approach HOBSON McCARLY 1977 Activation synthesis Theory of Dreams They proposed that dreaming begins with the random firing of giant cells, located in the R. A. S. of the pons, which in turn activate adjacent nerve cells. These include those concerned with vision, motor activity and emotion. This activity also reduces the tone of major muscles, producing temporary paralysis. This prevents us acting out our dreams. Morrison 1983, found that cats with damage to the brain stem actually chased the subject of their dreams and ignored real mice. Although the body is not moving, the cerebral cortex is still receiving information, originating from the giant cells, which suggests it is. In an attempt to make sense of the random activity it merges or synthesises it, using memory to create a dream. Activity of nerve cells involved in balance for example may evolve as dreams about falling. 6 Some have argued that if dreams were merely a meaningless bi-product of random firing of nerve cells they would not reflect our daily experiences, as they often do. Hobson and McCarley argued that the areas of the cortex that have been most recently stimulated during the day are also most likely to   together with the brain persistently seeking to find meaning, even if there is none in the data. The unusual intensity and chaos involved in this neural activity accounts for the sometimes erratic and strange content of dreams. Hobson also agued that the periodic activation of the brain during sleep is due to the giant cells of the pons firing in an uncontrolled way. This continues until the supply of the neurotransmitter acetycholine ,which they are sensitive to, is depleted. This brings about the end of REM sleep, until acetycholine stores are replaced, and the nest period of REM sleep will begin. CRICK MITCHISON 1983 Nuero Reverse Learning Theory of Dreams They argued that we dream in order to forget. They view the random firing during REM as the brains method of destroying synaptic connections involved in storing useless information. The removal of worthless or parasitic information creates space for material of more use. They called this process reverse learning or unlearning. 7 They point out that animals who do not have REM sleep, such as dolphins and spiny anteaters have abnormally large cortexes. This could be that they have developed in this way to house vast amounts of information. Alternatively, it could be that with the extra space they have no need to unlearn. Winson suggested that a large cortex enables them to carry out unlearning while awake. This theory would explain why we rarely remember our dreams. According to this model, to remember a dream means that we have re-stored the very info. We were trying to forget. This does not explain why some dreams are very coherent and significant. Connectionists theories suggest that we have no need to save space as we have vast potential for storage information. Critics of neurobiological theories argue that if dreams were meaningless, history would not have provided us with so many examples of creations and inspirations that have manifested during them. Neither the psychological or neurobiological theories of dreaming can account for the findings of activity very similar to REM sleep in foetuses. Jouvert suggests that the firing of nerve cells during REM activates information, concerning instinctual behaviour, that is stored in the genes. Once activated it is then programmed into the brain.

Coordination Chemistry of Bidentate Ligands Research

Coordination Chemistry of Bidentate Ligands Research Elham Torabi Farkhani Mehrdad Pourayoubi Pavel V. Avdreev Katarina Introduction The coordination chemistry of bidentate ligands has been studied for over thirty years [reference]. The bidentate ligands with phosphoryl and thiophosphoryl groups have been used as effective coordinating agents in the different metal chemistry, in most cases the reports were attributed to bonding between the metal cation and specific Lewis sites on the ligand, itself has number sites with potential to bind metal ions, such as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. In order to recent report Hg metal ion is known to have strong affinity for nitrogen and sulfur Lewis sites [reference] which our work here is done bonding between Hg metal atom and sulfur in ligands. A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) [reference] yielded a data set of 76 purely molecular structures to be used for study of coordination of metal atom with a P(S)[N][O]2 skeleton of ligand. Thus there are a number of reports on molecular structure contain M-S=P fragments with different metal atoms [reference]. An inves tigation of the reports reveals that there isn’t any publication with Hg metal, also we haven’t found any precise study on the effect of all interactions, including coordinating linkages and intermolecular interactions on the structure of Hg(II) complexes with bisthiophosphoryl ligands. Accordingly we have carried out a study on mercury (II) chloride with two different bidentate ligand with general formula (OEt)2P(S)-X-P(S)(OEt)2 where X=1,4-NH-C6H5-NH and piperazine (scheme ). Reaction of two ligand with HgCl2 generated binuclear complex C1 and C2. All compounds were charactrized by IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 31P NMR) spectroscopy and mass analysis. The structure of ligand 1 and two complexes C1 and C2 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Experimental Materials and methods Mercuric chloride (99.5%), O,O†²-diethyl chlorothiophosphate (OCH2CH3)2P(S)Cl (97%), diethylenediamine (97%), 1,4-phenylenediamine (99%) (Aldrich), acetonitrile (99%) and methanol (99%) (Merck) were used as supplied. Acetonitrile was dried with P2O5 and distilled prior to use. The 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Advance 400 spectrometer at 400, 101 and 162 MHz, respectively. 1H chemical shifts were determined relative to Si (CH3)4. 31P chemical shift was measured relative to 85% H3PO4 as external standard. Mass spectra were performed using a Varian Star 3400 CX mass spectrometer. Infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on KBr disk using a Buck 500 scientific spectrometer. Elemental analysis was performed using a Thermo Finnigan Flash EA 1112 apparatus. X-ray data collection was performed with a Xcalibur, Sapphire3, Gemini diffractometer with graphite monochromator. Synthesis General procedure for the preparation of ligands The ligands were synthesized from the reaction of 2 mmol (OCH2CH3)2P(S)Cl with 1 mmol of the corresponding diamine (diethylenediamine and 1,4-phenylenediamine) in presence of Et3N as HCl scavenger in CH3CN at 0ËÅ ¡ C. After stirring for 24 h, the solvent was evaporated and the residue was washed with distilled water and dried. Chemical structures are shown in scheme 1. Physical and spectroscopic data of the ligands are presented below: 1, 4 [(C2H5O)2P(S)N]2C4H8 (L1): Mp: 105ËÅ ¡ C. Anal. calc. (%) for C12H28N2O4P2S2: C: 36.88; H: 7.17; N: 7.17, S: 16.39, found: C: 37.81; H: 7.16, N: 7.26, S: 15.7. IR data (KBr, cm-1): 2990, 2903, 2864, 1449, 1387, 1339, 1264, 1151, 1098, 1029, 972, 792, 714.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) ÃŽ ´: 1.22 (t,3JH-H= 7.1 Hz, 12H, CH3), 3.12 (m, 8H, C4H8), 7.00 (m, 8H, CH2), 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) ÃŽ ´: 15.57 (d, 3JP-C = 8.08 Hz, 4C, CH3), 44.84 (s, 4C, C4H8), 62.45 (s, 4C, CH2), 31P NMR (162 MHz, DMSO-d6) ÃŽ ´: 73.64. MS (70 eV, EI): m/z (%) = 390 (28), 235 (43), 195 (100), 153 (99), 120 (96), 96 (100), 28 (66). 1, 4 [(C2H5O)2P(S)NH]2C6H4 (L2): Mp: 105ËÅ ¡ C. Anal. calc. (%) for C14H26N2O4P2S2: C: 40.73, H: 6.30, N: 6.78, S: 15.51, found: C: 41.15, H: 6.34, N: 7.01, S: 15.57. IR data (KBr, cm-1): 3268, 2980, 1515, 1479, 1380, 1278, 1218, 1168, 1023, 959, 816, 726, 646. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 1.22 (t,3JH-H= 7.1 Hz, 12H, CH3), 3.12 (m, 8H, C4H8), 7.00 (m, 8H, CH2), 13C NMR (101 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 15.57 (d, 3JP-C = 8.08 Hz, 4C, CH3), 44.84 (s, 4C, C4H8), 62.45 (s, 4C, CH2), 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 73.64. MS (70 ev, EI): m/z (%) = 412 (94), 411 (100), 168 (26), 107 (89), 96 (91), 92 (39), 65 (87), 28 (88). General procedure for the preparation of complexes The complexes were prepared by a solutions of 2 eq. HgCl2 in 15 ml of methanol was added drop wise to a solution of 1 eq. the corresponding ligand in 15 ml of methanol. The clear solution was stirred under reflux for 24h. Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained from slow evaporation of the solution at room temperature. Physical and spectroscopic data of the complexes are given below:  µ-{1, 4-[(C2H5O)2P(S)N]2C4H8}(HgCl2)2 (C1): Mp: 105ËÅ ¡ C. Anal. calc. (%) for C12H28Cl4Hg2N2O4P2S2: C: 15.41; H: 2.99; N: 2.99, S: 6.84, found: C: 15.67; H: 2.91, N: 2.99, S: 5.74. IR data (KBr, cm-1): 2976, 2895, 1444, 1383, 1344, 1266, 1121, 1037, 967, 804, 772, 702.1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 1.22 (t,3JH-H= 7.1 Hz, 12H, CH3), 3.12 (m, 8H, C4H8), 7.00 (m, 8H, CH2), 13C NMR (101 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 15.57 (d, 3JP-C = 8.08 Hz, 4C, CH3), 44.84 (s, 4C, C4H8), 62.45 (s, 4C, CH2), 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 73.64.  µ-{1, 4 -[(C2H5O)2P(S)NH]2C6H4}(HgCl2)2 (C2): Mp: 105ËÅ ¡ C. Anal. calc. (%) for C14H26Cl4Hg2N2O4P2S2: C: 17.59; H: 2.72; N: 2.93, S: 6.70, found: C: 17.85; H: 2.69, N: 2.93, S: 6.53. IR data (KBr, cm-1): 3211, 2990, 1615, 1512, 1479, 1380, 1274, 1214, 1161, 988, 824, 633. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 1.22 (t,3JH-H= 7.1 Hz, 12H, CH3), 3.12 (m, 8H, C4H8), 7.00 (m, 8H, CH2), 13C NMR (101 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 15.57 (d, 3JP-C = 8.08 Hz, 4C, CH3), 44.84 (s, 4C, C4H8), 62.45 (s, 4C, CH2), 31P NMR (162 MHz, CD3CN) ÃŽ ´: 73.64. Result and discussion IR and NMR spectroscopy Mass spectroscopy The nature of the fragments observed in the mass spectrum often provides as clue to the molecular structure. The fragmentation pathways of ligands 1 and 2 were studied by electron ionization at 70 eV experiment and revealed a molecular ion peak [M]+ at m/z (%) of 390 (28) and 412 (94) for 1 and 2, respectively. The formation of the [M-1] specie from the parent ion of compound 2 was shown to exclusively involve an aromatic hydrogen atom; our results were in good agreement with previously published results. [reference]. The previous paper has been shown that dialkyl alkanephosphonates ROCH2CH2P(O)(OR)2 undergo a McLafferty rearrangement in which a ÃŽ ³ hydrogen from the alkylphosphorous moiety migrates to the phosphoryl group and a molecule of olefin is eliminated from the molecular ion [reference]. The mass spectra of compound 1 and 2 with the same structure have confirmed previously reported mechanism. The peak related to the C2H4 radical-cation with m/z = 28 are shown for two struct ures. Relative peak height = relative abundance as measured from this ion in the compound 1 and 2 are 66 and 88. For the compound 1, the base peak is appeared at m/z = 153 (P(S)(OEt)2) and in the compound 2, the base peak is appeared at m/z = 411 (M-1) fragment. For 1, the main fragmentation is based cleavage of N-P bond then produced A ion and P(S)(OEt)2 with m/z 153. The ion of A following three pathways: (1): A ion can produce a stabilized ion by loss of ethylene via the McLafferty rearrangement which generate the odd mass ion m/z 181 that it operates for ion m/z 181 capable of electronic shift involving a six-membered cyclic transition state in the molecule skeleton given in scheme 1. This will then stabilize to an even mass ion m/z 180 by elimination of an H radical. (2): in this pathway produce the ion at m/z 147 that formed through a three- membered ring as transition state by loss of two molecule of ethanol. The ion of m/z 147 indicating the relatively low stability of the P-O bond to the molecule of A in comparison with that of the P-N bond. (3). The ion at m/z 84 is formed through two step, the first is cleavage of P-N bond then in second step is formed via a 1,2 hydride shift by loss of a molecule of P(S)(OEt)2 [reference]. The same kind of rearrangement is observed for 2 and the main fragmentation is based cleavage of N-P bond then produced molecule ion with m/z 107. Scheme 1. Fragmentation pathway of compound 1 X ray crystallography Complexes of 1 and 2 were crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pbca Triclinic with space group P, respectively. Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 1 and selected bond lengths and angles are given in Tables 2 and 3. The asymmetric unit of complexes of 1 and 2 consist of one Hg2+ ion, two Cl and one half crystallographically independent ligand (Fig 1). There are two different types of Hg-Cl bonds that included bridge Hg1-Cl2 bond (2.5904(17) Ã… in 1 and 2.4852 (7) Ã… in 2) connect the molecule into one dimensional chain extended along the c axis and terminal Hg1-Cl1 bond (2.369(2) Ã… in 1 and 2.4295 (9) Ã… in 2) linked to adjacent ones by intermolecular interaction into a chain parallel to b axis in 1 and a axis in 2. (Fig 2). So, the Hg atom adopts an Hg[Cl]3[S] coordination environment in this compound with the highly distorted tetrahedral geometry of the Hg(II) center that can be better described as a seesaw structure which two chloride atoms and Hg atom [ Hg1, Hg1, Cl2] is planar, one chloride and sulfur atoms in the pivot position. The different bond distance from the  µ-chloride atoms performed and refer to asymmetry of the halogen bonds (2.5904 (17), 2.6820 (17) Ã… in 1 an d 2.4852 (7), 2.8273 (8) Ã… in 2) and they are compared to the terminal bond of Hg-Cl slightly extended. Some selected bond angles specify the distorted tetrahedral geometry at the Hg(II) center in complex 1 are as follows: Cl1—Hg1—S1 130.91 (7) °, Cl1—Hg1—Cl2 110.98 (7) °, S1—Hg1—Cl2 104.59 (6) °, Cl1—Hg1—Cl2i 108.29 (8) °, S1—Hg1—Cl2i 105.96 (6) ° , Cl2—Hg1—Cl2i 87.47 (5) °, Hg1—Cl2—Hg1i 92.54 (5) ° and P1—S1—Hg1 98.40 (8) °. In ligand L1, the phosphorus atom has a distorted tetrahedral [N]P(S)[O]2 configuration with the bond angles in the range of 101.77 (18) ° [O2—P1—S1] to 115.80 (19) ° [O1—P1—S1]. The P=S bonds of ligand are in a trans orientation is showing respect to each other and that the sulfur atom is coordinated to the mercury center. As a result of coordination to the mercury center, as expected, the P=S bond length (P (1)–S (1) 1.97 (9) Ã…) is slightly longer than that of the free ligand The crystal structure of the complex 1 generated by the O1†¦S=P interaction along c-axis. As a result of these interactions, One-dimensional chain structure is produced. The presence of Hg-Cl and Hg-S moieties in the complex lead to the formation weaker intermolecular C-H†¦Cl-Hg , C-H†¦S-Hg interactions between the neighboring 1D chain along b-axis that create a two-dimensional array in the crystal lattice. Scheme 2. Schematic presentation of bisthiophosphoryl ligands 1 (right), 2 (left) Fig. 1 Asymmetric unit of complex 1(right) and 2 (left) are shown Fig.2 Representation of one-dimensional chain of complex 1 along the c-axis. Colour keys for the atoms: Hg †¦., P orange, O red, N blue, C light grey, H light blue Fig. 3 The title complex 1, with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level Fig. 4 The title complex 2, with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level Table 1. Crystal data, data collection and refinement for complexes 1 and 2 Table 2 Selected bond lengths (AÃÅ'Ã…  ) and angles ( °) for complex 1 Table 3 Selected bond lengths (AÃÅ'Ã…  ) and angles ( °) for complex 2

Heroines and Subservience in Ancient Athens :: Free Essays Online

Heroines and Subservience in Ancient Athens Women throughout history have played a subordinate role to men; this holds true in even ancient Athens. Though obvious through the writing of ancient poets, playwrights, and historians this subordinate role dominates religion and its practices. Through an examination of modern and ancient sources it will become apparent that women, even goddesses, played certain roles and they did not have the freedom to step outside these roles. Despite this subordinate stature, women could still receive recognition as heroic figures by achieve the status of heroine. Shrines dedicated to women who exemplify a certain trait, usually self-sacrifice, still exist, even on the Acropolis. The dual role of honored and subservient female is a complicated issue, and deserves further examination. Greek religion permeated every pore of society. Each level of society, from the Boule to the family had its own "separate center for its religious activity" (Mikalson, 83). Tribes worshipped together at the sanctuaries of the heroes for which they were named, each deme had a patron god, and families often performed the rites of the dead at their loved ones' tombs (83). With religion and supplication of the gods as a part of daily life, it not unusual that the gods led lives similar to their human worshippers. Gods married, gave birth, had fights and fits of temper, and human desires for love and sex. For these reasons Greeks were able to turn to religion so often; Gods had experiences similar to those encountered in everyday life, and were therefore capable of offering guidance. By turning to the gods the Greeks justified many of their actions, including wars, colonization, and the subjugating of women. Athenian women tended the oikos, or household. An aristocratic woman made clothes, kept the household accounts, oversaw the slaves, and made sure everything ran smoothly so her husband could concentrate on the running of the polis. "The world of the classical polis was a man's world. Only men could attend the Assembly, vote, hold office, serve on juries, appear in court in their own right, or even own property" (Demand 1996: 228). Women were allowed in public only to fetch water from the fountain houses, and during religious processions. Women functioned only as "prostitutes for the sake of pleasure, concubines for daily care of the body, and wives for the begetting of legitimate children and [as] a reliable guardian of the contents of the house" ([Dem.

Essay on Imagery and Symbolism in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter: Imagery and Symbolism In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes imagery to convey that Dimmesdale can represent Puritan Society rather than the round character that can be seen on the surface level. This is seen through the imagery and symbolism of hypocrisy, Dimmesdale as a Christ figure, and the scarlet letter. First of all, Hawthorne parallels the hypocrisy of Dimmesdale to that of Puritan society. Hawthorne describes Dimmesdale as, "a viler companion of the vilest, the worst of sinners," even though Dimmesdale is seen as the most holy man in the Puritan community. Puritan society was supposed to be a utopian society and do away with their English traditions. Similarly, as Dimmesdale was supposed to be holy, yet they both were hypocritical. Secondly, Dimmesdale portrays the Puritan society by not initially taking his place on the scaffold, "Ye have both been here before, but I was not with you†¦ and we will stand all three together." The Puritans modeled Dimmesdale's hypocrisy, as they were supposed to be a "city on a hill" for the world to see while they ended up mixing up English tradition with their ideals. While Dimmesdale hid his sin at the first scaffold seen, so did the Puritans when they colonized America. The Puritans faults were not initially that obvious but as time grew on they appeared on their scaffold just as Dimmesdale does. Hawthorne writes about one of Dimmesdale's sermons that is, "addressed to the multitude a discourse on sin, in all its branches." In Dimmesdale's sermons, he spoke out against sin while at the same time he commits this sin, just as the Puritans committed sins that they condemned Dimmesdale's character models Puritan society in the way they treat religious persecution. The Puritans left England to flee from religious intolerance, but when they got to the colonies, they had no religious tolerance for people with different religious beliefs. Dimmesdale speaks out against adultery and commits it, the Puritans demand religious tolerance but refuse to give it. Dimmesdale symbolically portrays Jesus Christ in certain ways. For example, Dimmesdale's death marked the beginning of a new era, just as Christ's death marked a new beginning for all of those who believe in Him. Dimmesdale's death symbolically marks the beginning of American History and the end of colonial history, just as Christ's death marked the beginning of the Christian church.

Racism in Canada Essay

Canada is known around the world as an international peacekeeper, a place of liberty, and a loving country that accepts everyone. This reputation is part of our image, and is honoured by many nations. But Canada is not perfect. Racism still exists, sometimes it maybe in the shadows, it does not take a investigative detective to notice the visible racism all around us. In some cases it is social phrases, in some it may be serious bullying, discrimination or even assault, racism is still a problem. Like the United States of America, Canada has a history with racism. In the 1900s to 1950s, there was discrimination against African-Canadians. From the time of settlement into North America, up until a few decades ago, there was serious mis-treatment of First Nation peoples, including genocide, sexual assault and child abuse. Also during WW2, Japanese-Canadians were looked upon as enemies, and treated poorly. Compared to the past, we are much more liberal, and have less racial prejudices. The improvement of civil liberties from the past to now is amazing. But still not enough. Every time I see something racist, it deeply saddens me. In my heart, Canada as a whole has left racism behind, but some people still carry the disgusting tradition. I once saw a bus driver speaking disrespectfully to an older Chinese woman, about how he couldn’t understand her, and she should try to speak in English. I thought to my self how sad it is that an official city worker can be so intolerant of other cultures. I do not like racism, and see it a lot. I see racism when a group of African-Canadians attack a Caucasian man for â€Å"coming to the wrong neighbourhood†. I see racism when people say, â€Å"White people cannot play cricket†, when some of the best cricket players are Caucasian, like Alastair Cook, with over 8000 runs  scored. I see racism in stereotypes. It is clear that racism is a part of our society now, but we need to improve our selves and eradicate it for good. To abolish racism completely, we first need to put personal feelings aside, and agree on facts. Yes, we are all humans. But we need to accept our differences, we are not the exact same. â€Å"Specific genotype gives athletes like Bolt a boost†, dailymail reports scientific research done by University of Szczecin in Poland. Once we separate fact from fiction, we can live without delusion. Secondly, we must call out racism when ever we see it, for example if a bus driver does something wrong, he should be confronted, to avoid it from happening again. If we call out all racism when we see it, we can put an end to it. In conclusion Canada is one of the best countries to live in in the world. It is a leader in civil rights, peacekeeping, and equality. However some racism remains in our community from the past, which should be cleaned up. If we all aim towards a better future, the present could looked upon in future similarly to how the bloody 50s are seen today.

Education Dialogue Essay Essay

There are many people in today’s society that believe going to school is essential in order to live a rewarding life. What people don’t understand is the fact that there are many different aspects of education and some are more important than others. Although practical knowledge is important to learn, there is a big difference between schooling and educating. There are many elements of education that stimulate growth and are necessary in order to fulfill ones learning potential. The purpose of education is to help humans grow and mature intellectually. Education should foster creativity and the students should be able to develop their potential by believing they are capable individuals. Education should also let the student’s curiosity and interests direct their studies. It is important that the learning environment is positive and will help the students develop their set of morals and characteristics such as respect, loyalty, and kindness. Boredom is the common condition of most students in any type of school. This could be because the teachers are boring which makes it nearly impossible for the students to be interested in what is being taught. The boredom may also be caused by the lack of imagination and creativeness in the classroom. It is important that education fosters creativity and lets the students express themselves individually. â€Å"The aim.., is simply to reduce as many individuals as possible to the same safe level, to breed and train a standardized citizenry, to put down dissent and originality.† (Gatto, p.3) People would agree with Gatto in the sense that schools generally put down originality and confine students to standardized education. Many schools group students together based on test scores and proficiency levels and students start looking like robots as they go day to day in the same routine. In elementary school, I expressed my creativity in so many ways; finger painting, writing stories, coloring. It was difficult when I got into middle school and began taking classes that were strict in a sense that all I did was sit there, write notes, and regurgitate my new knowledge the best I could. It’s safe to say when I entered high school; I realized how much of my creative self I’d lost. I got so accustomed to taking notes, reading textbooks, and taking tests on scantron paper. I took a creative writing  class my freshman year in high school. When I entered the class, I didn’t think I would be able to write creatively because I had just spent the last three years writing hypothesis and formal essays. Thankfully, there was a spark in my brain that lit and developed a passion for creative writing. Throughout the year, I wrote poems, short stories, prose pieces, I even attempted writing a chapter book. I discovered a creative side of myself that had been shaded out in middle school. The next year, I took Creative Writing 2 as an elective. I created poetry pieces that I was very proud of and I decided to enter one into a statewide writing competition. The poem was titled Magnolia and it won me second place. I had finally found something that expressed who I am, I loved writing and I was good at it. I was afraid that school would make me feel jaded and unable to express the things I feel and the thoughts I think. Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"Everybody is a genus. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing it is stupid.† This quote has been in the back of my mind throughout my years of schooling. Everyone is different; everyone has different skills, knowledge, and abilities. It is important that students understand that just because they may not excel in math or science courses, they may be outstanding in something else. â€Å"Schools are meant to tag the unfit—with poor grades, remedial placement, and other punishments—clearly enough that their peers will accept them as inferior and effectively bar them from the reproductive sweepstakes.† (Gatto, p.4) Standardized tests do a magnificent job of making students feel stupid or inferior to other students who score higher on their aptitude tests. Schools and tests should not make people think less of themselves because of poor scores. Throughout high school, I did well in my classes. I got my homework done on time, I quizzed fine, but when it came time to take tests; I froze and forgot all knowledge previously put in my head. Although I may not be a very good test-taker, I believe I have an important set of skills that cannot and will not be defined by scores and grades. The learning process begins on day one of life. Growing up means learning about yourself, your surroundings, and how to put the two together. In the early years of education, children develop their character and discover their set of moral values. I think it is so important that in any learning environment there is respect and kindness being encouraged. People learn at a young age how they are going to interact with others. It is necessary that young people learn how to be kind hearted and understanding. Education should give students, a sense of right and wrong, good and bad. It should teach people the importance of respect, trust, and compassion. Character traits are developed in the early years of education so it is crucial that the learning environment encourages positive character and makes it possible for the student to expand a strong sense of morals. The world is a tough place but it is important to teach young people how significant it is to have compassion for other people. Today’s education system is a controversial issue because there is so much to be taught and some topics never get touched in public school. Education should let students develop themselves creatively, let the student’s curiosity and interests direct their studies, and it should help the students develop their character, morals, and teach the significance of compassion and respect. Education has many different aspects that should, all in all, stimulate growth and fulfill one’s learning potential by letting them discover and express themselves. Standardized education can be toxic because it groups students together and does not leave room for creativity and open-mindedness. Education should inspire students to be individuals with positive mindsets and outlooks on life.

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Ecuador Essay -- agricultural contam

The Costa region is located between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes Mountains, and is made up of coastal lowlands, coastal mountains, and hilly hills that separate river valleys. Ecuador has a long and varied coastline. It is the country’s most fertile and productive land. The crops that would be commonly found in this region are: Bananas, rice crop, and cocoa. The truly coastal provinces have active fisheries. Coastal waters are rich with anchovies, mackerel, tuna, shrimp, fish, tilapia, and crab. Shrimp and tilapia are raised in small ponds. Cocoa is grown primarily by small scale farmers mainly in tropical cropping systems. Rice is a very important crop grown by small and medium scale farmers. (1) Most of this nation’s bananas, cacao, coffee and sugar cane are raised on plantations in the coastal lowlands. Oranges and rice are also grown in the coastal lowlands. Ecuador is the world’s leading producer of balsa wood which grows in the coastal lowlands. (5) The Sierra region has two major chains of the Andes Mountains, the Coproduce mainly beef and dual purpose cattle with dairy. For a country that’s no bigger than the state of Colorado, it’s amazing how diverse its agricultural regions are. (1) SOURCES: 1) Central Intelligence Agency, CIA, (2013), â€Å"South America: Ecuador†, http://www.cia.gov/library/publications, World Fact book 2) CROPS, U.S. Library of Congress, 1989. http://countrystudies.us/ecuador/46.htm 3) Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles , J.M. Suttie and S.G. Reynolds in January, 2003 and modified by S.G. Reynolds in May 2006, http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/pasture/forage.htm 4) Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2014 Advameg, Inc., http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Ecuador-ENVIRONMENT.html#ixzz2rMkJUyg3 5) World Book Encyclopedia, 2014, World Book inc., Chicago, IL 6) Culture Shock Ecuador, Nicholas Crowder, Marshall Cavendish 2001, Tarrytown, NY

Schmearton 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Schmearton 1 - Essay Example This means that there are roles that have more necessity than others especially considering their impact to the company and the limited timeframe. A case study of the same can be elaborated as follows. The author may assume the position of the chief executive officer who is managing a manufacturing plant which produces a product by the name travel toothbrush. Normally, when an officer arrives at work, he/she has a work to do list. In this case, this may include meeting a particular supplier to shape up a previous contract concerning toilet papers and other cleaning supplies that are used in the sanitation rooms of the business. Another event could interviewing candidates for an open position that may require an individual who can supervise the production line. The monthly report might be due the next day and should therefore be worked on for submission on time. The last event might be inspecting a critical position within the production line. Nevertheless, emergencies will always come up and need to be handled with urgency. An example of the same could be a report by the vice president of the company that the trucks that are supposed to transport the coming week supplies have not yet arrived. This will mean that the chief executive officer calls the head of the transportation department to enquire about the unprecedented happenings. Following up this case means that it gets added to the work to do list. The officer may realize that he/she can only complete three items at ago and should therefore prioritize on the pending agendas. An understanding on the essence of toiletries will portray the same as not as essential to the production line. Actually, in real terms, the officer is responsible for keeping costs down including those involved in cleaning supplies. They may represent up to one percent of the company’s budget. On the other hand, rescheduling the meeting with the supplier will mean that money will continue to